Are there Gujarati martyrs? The former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh Akhilesh Yadav offended some people by asking if any Gujaratis fought and died for the country. He made the comment after a Kashmiri officer, Lieutenant Ummer Fayaz was killed in the Valley.
The answer to Yadav's question is: a few but not many. And the reason is that not many Gujaratis join the army. I had researched this a few years ago. In 2009, only 719 Gujaratis enrolled in an army of over 10 lakh soldiers. This number was a record and the highest ever sent from Gujarat and it came after a big awareness campaign. In the preceding two years, 2008 and 2007, the number of Gujarati recruits was only 230.
Gujarat has more than six crore people, but there have been more foreigners in India's army than Gujaratis. This is a fact. Nepal, a nation less than half the size of Gujarat, has sent many times more soldiers to fight for India than Gujaratis. The Gurkha regiments are in fact one of the finest fighting units anywhere in the world.
In contrast, Gujarat has no tradition of soldiery and this is not totally unique. Recruitment to the army in India and also in Pakistan is unevenly spread. Ghalib said that "sau pusht se, hai pesha e aaba sipahgari" (for 100 generations, the profession in my family has been soldiery). No Gujarati community can say that, though Marathas and Punjabis and Gurkhas can say it.
This has nothing to do with being brave, it has mostly to do with opportunity and then tradition. The British raised most of their mercenary army from the parts that they originally captured. There are some exceptions. The British turned to the Punjabi Hindi, Muslim and Sikh in large numbers after the 1857 mutiny which involved the Bengal army. These Punjabis were mostly Jats (it was observed by many in the Pakistan army that Gen Zia ul Haq came from the non-martial Arain community). However most of the recruitment had begun much before the Mutiny.
Near my house, which is in a military area in Bangalore, the Madras Sappers unit was raised and has continuously served the Indian army since 1780. When such a long tradition is established, the work is carried on from father to son. This is not possible in areas which have no historical recruitment.
There are some 'martial' communities in Gujarat, and these are the ones that join the army. Among them as the durbar (Rajput) communities, with names like Jadeja and Solanki. And so the number of martyrs cannot be zero, even though it is few. Another reason Gujarat has produced few soldiers is that it has not seen much war.
Gujarat was conquered by Allauddin Khilji in 1297. After this, though there was some fighting in Gujarat, very little of it involved Gujaratis. The northern Muslims fought among each other till Akbar took Ahmedabad and the Mughals kept Gujarat. Then the Marathas captured large parts of it, and they still hold onto Baroda. Then the English took over, starting at Surat. In very little of this fighting were Gujaratis, whether, Hindu, Muslim or Parsi, involved.
Another reason for the lack of Gujaratis in the army is that the state has a powerful mercantile ethic. This stresses pragmatism and does not give much importance to honour. Many 'martial' communities will scoff at this ethic but it is the reason Gujarat has produced great businessmen. The ability to compromise instead of standing fixed on honour is also the reason Gujarat has produced many great statemen. Before independence, three of India's four greatest political figures -- Gandhi, Jinnah and Patel -- were Gujaratis.
One of the interesting ways in which this culture showed today is in my caste of Patidars. We have, along with the Jats of Haryana, one of the lowest sex ratios of any community in India and often female foetuses are aborted or little girls strangled at birth. This is a matter of great shame and Patidars must correct it. However, unlike the Jats, Patidars do not do honour killing, meaning murdering adult women who marry their lover. And the reason is that the mercantile ethic does not value honour.
It is fine for people to be offended at Yadav's statement, but it is based on some fact and reality. Gujaratis need not feel ashamed of the lack of this martial tradition. They contribute to their country in other ways. And of course, they can also claim that while they may not have produced many martyrs, they produced the greatest one: Gandhi.
