A visit to the photo studio is still within living memory. The urban Indian middle class started frequenting studios from the late 1850s, and those of famous firms as Bourne & Shepherd, Johnston & Hoffman, S.C. Sen or the lavish establishments of the stupendously successful Raja Deen Dayal came to be sites where a particular colonial encounter was memorialised through the prism of imitation, make-believe, elaborate preparation, theatrical props and a sharing of common space by the ‘master’ and ‘subject’ races—something denied in the real-life public sphere. The formalised set of customs in the studio and the slightly mannerist images they yielded are close to Karlekar’s heart, and she subjects some of the cartes-de-visites and cabinet-size photographs to close analysis. Karlekar shows how the gradually evolving customs of the medium often shadowed, or ran parallel to, changing socio-political reality—urban professions and emergence of the nuclear family (partially reflected by the growing, confident appearance of women beside the men)—and ushered in different forms of modernity. A few photographs are used to provide biographical sketches—of danseuse Rukmini Devi Arundale, social reformer Sister Subbalakshmi, and educationist Sarah Massey.