The earliest known Malayalam poetry, Ramacharitham by Cheeraman (12th century), is a mixture of Tamil and Malayalam deploying rhyming, metre and words. This work shows the influence of Kamparamayana, the Tamil version of the epic. Next comes Ramakathappaattu by Ayyippilla Asan of the 14th century, which is a linguistic mixture of Tamil, Malayalam and Sanskrit. Usually sung to the accompaniment of the musical instrument, Chandravalayam mostly deals with Yuddhakanda of the Ramayan. Asan also composed Bharatam pattu, the first Mahabharata-related literary work in Malayalam. Then, we have Ramayana and Mahabharata adaptations by Kannassa Ramappanikkar and Vellankalloor Sankarappanikkar written in the 15th century. The first summary of Mahabharata in Malayalam was by Kannassa Ramappanikkar named Bharatamala, followed by Adhyatmaramayanam and Mahabharatam by Thunchathu Ezhuthachan, who is considered the father of Malayalam, which falls under the literary category of Kilippattu. Eminent historian, MGS Narayanan in his work, Perumals of Kerala, mentions Mavaratapattanmar or Mahabharata scholars who were employed in Kerala temples, for reading and interpreting Mahabharata to the public during the 9–12th centuries CE. Thus there have been several categories of adaptations of epics in Malayalam literature, and their oral transmissions were generally based on texts for musical renderings, oral narratives and other performances.