So we are back to medieval times and the medieval discourse whether music is halaal (permissible) in Islam or is explicitly haraam (forbidden). A deeply disturbing news item appeared in sections of the Pakistani press this past weekend. On August 27, 2012, a senior journalist and the op-ed editor of a major national English newspaper, Zain-ul-Abedin was roughed up at his house in Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, apparently for listening to music, more specifically Qawwali, in the privacy of his own home. Whether the authorities will ever take note of this most unfortunate episode and bring the attackers to book, remains to be seen.
But what exactly is Qawwali, our listening to which even today can spring the religious vigilantes into action? In the Chishti Sufi order, Qawwali has profound and refined connotations for both the master saints of this order and how they initiate newcomers into the fold and groom them along their spiritual journey. The institution of Qawwali holds a pivotal place in the liturgy, i.e. the public meditational and devotional religious practices of the Chishtiyah. Qawwali is indeed a sine qua non, and culmination, of the Urs celebration of the various saints.
Before the Chishtis codified Qawwali as an essential ingredient of their esoteric devotional protocols, the practice of Sama, meaning listening or audition through the ‘ear’ of one’s heart had been a part of Islamic ascetic traditions. Professor Leonard Lewisohn notes,