More than half-a-century ago, when I entered the civil services, their structure and their requirements were radically different. The UPSC examination tilted heavily towards the humanities. They resembled more the graduate and post graduate examinations of those days, the focus essentially being the capacity to write long answers to questions in English, a broad understanding of the world and current developments, a capacity to read fast and thoroughly and to assimilate quickly. Administration then was file based and what was being tested was the ability to contribute effectively to decision making through the file process.