In 1980, when Muivah broke away from NNC and formed the NSCN-IM, the manifesto of the new party reflected Maoist jargon, rejecting a multi-party system and emphasising the “dictatorship of the people through a revolutionary organisation”, besides the liberation of Nagas from the “exploiting class”. The same year, he returned to Nagaland. After his arrival, the Naga Hills saw violence between the two factions—NNC and NSCN. While NSCN was equipped with AK-47s and other Chinese weaponry, the church sided with NNC. In August 1991, 10 policemen escorting the Nagaland Assembly Speaker were killed by NSCN-IM. In December 1991, extremists killed 10 security personnel and a driver in a successful attempt to steal Rs 73 lakh. In February, 1993, Naga rebels ambushed a paramilitary convoy in Manipur’s Senapati area, killing six. Two rebels were also killed in the attack. The list goes on and on.