Chandrayaan-1’s partial success propelled ISRO into launching a spacecraft for a second time over in 2019. This time, the spacecraft comprised an orbiter, lander and rover and was designed to explore the south pole of the moon and expand the lunar scientific knowledge through detailed mapping of the Moon’s topography, by investigating surface mineralogy and studying the lunar exosphere, while looking for signatures of hydroxyl and water ice. Chandrayaan-2 featured improved instruments and new technologies intended for future planetary missions. The orbiter was designed to operate for seven years, while the lander and rover were expected to survive one lunar daytime period had they successfully landed. However, the lander owing to its high velocity, made a hard landing and hence, failed. “Five engines of the lander generating higher thrust, limitation of the software to detect errors and the small landing site” were communicated as the three primary reasons for its ‘hard’ landing. Labelled the most complex mission to have been attempted by ISRO, former chairman K Sivan described the final descent of Chandrayaan-2 as "15 minutes of terror".Alhough, later, he declared the mission 98% successful, based on the findings of an official committee."The life of the orbiter got enhanced from one year to seven years because a lot of fuel was not consumed. We were lucky. If you are getting data for seven years from orbiter, it means many technologies have worked." said an ISRO scientist. The three stages -the launch, orbiter's precise placement in the Moon's orbit, and the separation of the lander from the orbiter -were successful.