Indian Science Congress Needs Checks And Balances To Serve Its Purpose

The just-concluded Ind­ian Science Congress (ISC) session in Jalandhar att­ra­c­ted widespread att­ention, though for the wrong reasons. Like its previous sessions, this one too had a fair share of absu­rd claims—falling in the realm of pseudoscience and mythology. Some such anti-scie­nce talks were delivered not by habitual off­enders but by those who occupy high acade­mic posi­tions. Even this is not surprising beca­use, in the past, even minsters have made comments mixing mythology with modern science.  But it is important not to junk the idea of ISC just because of such aberrations.

Anybody who has atten­ded ISC sessions would know that it is the only forum of its kind that brings together Nobel laureates, top Indian scientists, science bureaucrats, university teachers, researchers as well as college and school students under one umbr­ella. ISC sessions are a big affair, with over a dozen parallel sessions, several plenary talks, exhibitions and cultural shows. These sessions are inter-disciplinary and focus on science-society connect. Its parallel sessions in different disciplines of science provide an oppor­tunity to university teachers and students to present their work, along with scientists from national laboratories. Such intermingling of people from different disciplines and different levels of expertise does not happen in other scientific conferences. ISC is not the forum where new discoveries are announced or major research findings are presented, which normally happens in core scientific conferences. Basically, ISC is a mega science outreach event.

The problem is not with the objectives, relevance or format of ISC sessions, but in their execution. ISC is organised by the Calcutta-based Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA), in collaboration with the host university. The event is heavily funded by scientific departments of the central as well as state governments. The selection of who will speak or present a paper is made by ISCA. This is critical. For several years, serious scientists have been asking organisers to ensure quality of papers presented in the congress. Normally, there should be peer review of papers and talks listed for any ISC session. Had such a system been in place, G. Nageswara Rao would not have been able to talk about in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and stem cell technologies being used in the mythological period.

What is shocking is that Rao is not any run-of-the-mill weirdo seeking his two minutes of fame, but an award-winning scientist who sits on many government committees and has guided dozens of PhD students. He made the statement not out of ignorance but out of his conviction or, perhaps, keeping political gains in sight. This is dangerous and the ISCA must punish him for using its platform for pursuing his personal agenda. Government scientific departments, which fund ISC sessions, also can’t wash off their hands by saying that they have no say in how ISC sessions are conducted. It is very much their responsibility, too, to keep irrationality and pseudoscience out of the congress.

It is important to keep the institution alive, but with necessary checks and balances. The format of the ISC too needs to be reinvented. Some states have been organising state-level science congresses, which are more focused. The one by the Uttarakhand Council of Science and Technology is a good example and worth emulating. Science outreach is crucial if we want to engage young people and attract them to science and research, and also bring science closer to society. That’s why a forum like ISC is important, notwithstanding the likes of Rao.

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Shobhit Mahajan
Professor, department of physics and astrophysics, Delhi University

“This nonsense has been going on now for at least three to four years. I don’t think it’s news at all. It’s one of those things where you shrug and say, ‘It’s just nonsense, yaar’. What do you do? It’s bogus, absurd, something with no place in modern society. All those things have been said before but I’m not saying there isn’t a need to say them again.”

K.Vijay Raghavan
Principal Scientific Adviser, Government of India

“The congress is usually better organised nowadays than some years ago, but more pertinent, it’s precisely the diversity and lack of tight organisation that makes it special. Perhaps one should just embrace that...A few are superb, some good, many unremarkable and few, usually one or two, outright preposterous. The last part gets disproportionate national and global attention.”

Padmanabhan Balram
Former Director, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

“I don’t agree with Raghavan. The government is assoicated with the science congress because the only thing that differentiates it from every other scientific meeting in India is that it is inaugurated by the prime minister. The hoopla in the press is because it congregates due to the PM’s presence. Then, whether you like it or not, it becomes a government-sponsored affair.

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The Science Of No Sense

‘There is a reference to ancient aviation in the Rig Veda.’

Captain Anand Bodas, participant, 2015

‘Heated sugar could have been used in plastic surgery to keep Ganesha’s head in place.’

Kiran Naik, participant, 2015

Cow carries a bacteria in its body. Whatever it consumes will turn into 24-carat gold. This bacteria is known to NASA also.’

Kiran Naik, participant, 2015

‘Our scientists discovered the Pythagoras theorem but we very generously gave its credit to the Greeks.’

Harsh Vardhan, Union minister of science and technology, 2015

‘The ancient text Agastya Samhita had drawings to make a battery.’

A paper presented at the congress, 2015

‘Lord Shiva is a great environmentalist and playing the conch is a fitness excercise.’

Akhilesh K. Pandey, Chairman, MP University Regulatory Commission, 2016

‘Stephen Hawking said our Vedas might have theory superior to Einstein’s E=MC2.’

Harsh Vardhan, Union minister for science and technology, 2018

‘Mahabharata says that 100 eggs were fertilised and put into 100 earthen pots. Then aren’t the Kauravas test-tube babies?’

‘Ravana had 24 types of aircraft and many airports in Lanka.’

G. Nageshwar Rao, VC, Andhra Pradesh University, 2019

(The author is the Managing Editor of India Science Wire. Views expressed are personal)