Bengaluru's aquatic ecosystems have witnessed a significant rise in fish yield over the past few years. The increase in fish yield in Bengaluru's lakes can be interpreted as a positive indication of environmental improvement. The restoration efforts and proactive measures undertaken by the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) and other stakeholders have led to enhanced water quality and ecosystem conditions. But while these fish populations are recovering from their past polluted and degraded states, experts and environmentalists have begun to voice their concerns regarding the potential consequences of unchecked growth.
Deepa Krishnan, an official of Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP), highlights that while the increase in aquatic species, especially fish, the problem is now of greed. “With progress also comes the actions driven by the desire to earn more. Lack of knowledge and unchecked greed could not only harm the lakes but also disrupt the aquatic ecosystem. We, alone, cannot ensure the safety of lakes and ponds. It requires collective efforts from all citizens to raise awareness and educate about sustainable fish yield management."
Fish Farming: A Biodiversity Concern
The surge in fish yield comes with a set of challenges that warrant careful consideration. Ecologists and environmentalists are emphasising the need for a balanced approach to managing the increased fish populations. The concerns primarily revolve around the potential disruption of the delicate balance of biodiversity within aquatic ecosystems. The increase in fish population has resulted in an increase in fish farming which impacts not only the fish species but also other species that depend on the habitat for their sustenance.
Amitha Murlidhar, a member of the Environment Support Group (ESG), says, "Due to Fish farming there is overconsumption of aquatic plants and small organisms by fish. It has caused disruption in the food chain. Different fish and other aquatic species are now struggling for survival. There is an increase in competition for resources. This has resulted in imbalance in lakes and rivers, leading to the endangerment or extinction of many species."
Growing Demand
The transition from a traditional meat based diet to fish diet has gained popularity for a variety of reasons, reflecting evolving global trends and concerns. This shift is not only impacting individual health choices but also the environment underscoring the intricate relationship between human consumption patterns and ecological sustainability. There are two reasons for this:
Health Considerations
With time and awareness, individuals are focusing more on personal health and wellness which is the primary reason for the increase in fish diet. "Fish is a rich source of high-quality protein, essential omega-3 fatty acids, and various vitamins and minerals. These elements contribute to improved cardiovascular health, reduced inflammation, and enhanced brain function. It is generally lower in saturated fats compared to many types of meat, making it a healthier option for maintaining a balanced diet," says DR Malikarjun, a paediatrician working at NU Hospital.
Environmental Awareness
A growing awareness of the environmental impact of meat production has contributed to the shift towards fish consumption. The meat industry, particularly beef and pork production, is associated with significant resource consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and water usage. As this environmental toll becomes more widely understood, consumers are seeking alternatives that have a lower ecological footprint. Fish, particularly when sourced sustainably, is often perceived as a more environmentally friendly protein option.
"Fish yield has had a devastating impact on aquatic life. The increase in fish yield has led to the decline in populations of fish such as hilsa and mahseer. There may soon come a time when every species of fish will be wiped out," says Satvik Sahoo, an environmentalist working at Gubbi Labs.
Raghavendra B Pachhapur, activist of the NGO ActionAid in Bengaluru, says, "Bengaluru lakes host unique bird species. Fishermen's use of firecrackers to clear waters for fishing disrupts these birds, driving them away from their natural habitats and affecting the delicate balance of our aquatic ecosystems. It's crucial that we find a way to support the livelihoods of local communities while also safeguarding the diverse species that call these lakes home."
Same Story Across Cities
Not only Bengaluru but several states in India are facing similar issues of rising fish yield and its impact on biodiversity, especially in urban areas where the demand for fish is increasing due to health and environmental considerations. While the specific dynamics may vary, the general challenges related to managing fish populations, preserving aquatic ecosystems, and ensuring sustainable fishing practices are shared across these states.
In Kolkata, the surge in fish yield is accompanied by worries about the disruption of aquatic ecosystems and loss of biodiversity. Chennai has, too, witnessed a growth in fish yield due to factors like improved water quality and increased awareness of the benefits of consuming fish. However, overfishing concerns have emerged as fishing activities intensify.
Mumbai's coastal location and urban expansion have led to heightened demand for fish, resulting in a complex challenge of managing fishing activities while preserving marine ecosystems. Hyderabad and Pune have seen increased fish yield as a result of lake restoration initiatives and evolving consumer preferences. Nevertheless, the apprehensions related to overfishing and its consequences on aquatic habitats persist.
Kochi's strong connection to fishing and seafood consumption necessitates a focus on sustainable fishing practices to ensure the preservation of both marine ecosystems and local fisheries. In all of these cities, the balance between meeting the demand for fish and safeguarding aquatic biodiversity presents a shared and critical concern.
A Global Tale
The challenges surrounding increasing fish yields and their impact on biodiversity extend beyond India, encompassing a global context. Many countries, like China, the United States, Japan, Indonesia, Norway, Brazil, Australia, and Kenya, are struggling with the delicate task of balancing the demand for fish as a vital food source as well as preserving healthy aquatic ecosystems. Overfishing and habitat degradation are common issues that nations are struggling to maintain.
Rajeshwari Singhania, a dedicated conservationist and spokesperson for the Bengaluru Lake Conservation Society, says "As we witness the flourishing fish yield, we must be careful about the health of our lakes. Ecosystems are delicately interlinked, and even small disruptions can lead to severe ill effects. By ensuring that fishing practices are sustainable and that the ecological balance is maintained, we can ensure a thriving environment for future generations. Our lakes deserve nothing less than our utmost care and attention."
Striking A Balance For Future Generations
Experts are advocating for a well-rounded approach that encompasses careful monitoring and management of fish populations. Regulating fishing activities, ensuring appropriate water quality parameters, and promoting a diverse range of aquatic life are some of the measures that can contribute to maintaining the overall health of the lake ecosystems.
It's essential to recognise the complexity of managing urban aquatic environments, where seemingly positive developments can inadvertently lead to unforeseen consequences. The rise in fish yield serves as a reminder that even positive changes in the ecosystem can require careful management and consideration of their wider implications. Through collaborative efforts, adaptive strategies, and a commitment to maintaining the intricate balance of biodiversity, Bengaluru can ensure that its lakes remain thriving ecosystems that benefit both the local environment and its inhabitants.
