Former Philippine President Benigno Aquino III has died at age 61 of kidney disease following a long public absence, after his single, six-year term ended in 2016. He was buried in austere state rites during the pandemic, with many remembering him for standing up to China over territorial disputes, striking a peace deal with Muslim guerrillas and defending democracy in a Southeast Asian nation where his parents helped topple a dictator. Family and friends sang a patriotic song after a silver urn with Aquino’s remains was placed beside the tomb of his mother, former President Corazon Aquino, reports the Associated Press. Aquino’s family did not want him or his parents buried at the national Heroes’ Cemetery, where past presidents had been laid to rest, including dictator Ferdinand Marcos. Aquino’s mother and his assassinated father, an anti-Marcos opposition senator, helped lead a resistance that sparked a 1986 army-backed “people power” revolt, which ousted Marcos.
Aquino lived up to an image of a humble, incorruptible politician who detested the trappings of power. Church leaders have criticised Aquino’s successor, current populist president, Rodrigo Duterte, whose brash style, coarse rhetoric and tirades against the dominant church stood in sharp contrast to Aquino. Although Duterte has ridiculed the opposition Aquino was associated with, he called for the outpouring of sympathy for Aquino to be turned into an “opportunity to...set aside our differences”.
Aquino had turbulent ties with China as president. After Beijing sent ships to occupy a shoal off the Philippine coast, Aquino authorised the filing in 2013 of a complaint that questioned the validity of China’s sweeping claims in the South China Sea before an international arbitration tribunal. The Philippines largely won. But China refused to join in the arbitration and dismissed the tribunal’s 2016 ruling. Aquino’s challenge was praised by Western and Asian governments but plunged relations with Beijing to an all-time low. At home, Aquino’s major success was the signing of a 2014 peace deal with the Muslim separatist rebel group, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, that eased decades of fighting.
But while Aquino moved against corruption—detaining his predecessor Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, and three powerful senators—and initiated anti-poverty programmes, the deep-seated inequalities and weak institutions in the Philippines remained too daunting. Arroyo was eventually cleared of corruption charges because of insufficient evidence. Opponents pounded on missteps, though Aquino left office with high approval ratings. Philippine presidents are limited to a single term.
