Cereals and legumes form the base of the Indian food pyramid, and adequate consumption is recommended. Vegetables and fruits too must be consumed in liberal amounts, and are placed at the second level of the food pyramid. Fats, oils, meat, poultry, and fish are placed on the third level of the food pyramid, with the recommendation of moderate consumption. The tip of the pyramid is formed by sugar, sweets, and fast foods, which we are urged to consume sparingly.
Indian diets are sustainable as the majority of our population is vegetarian. However, 14.5% of our population is undernourished, which indicates the need for animal protein. Millets such as ragi, jowar, bajra contribute to a significant portion of diet in various regions of our country. Millets are packed with proteins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. Millets can be easily cultivated in dry and high-temperature conditions, and have a lower water footprint and higher productivity, making them one of the sustainable and healthier components of Indian diets. Lesser known food items, grown in various parts of the country, do not require many natural resources. Modified dietary guidelines with a focus on sustainability along with taking care of the protein requirement of the undernourished population must be undertaken. Popularisation of millets and underutilized crops can be the first step towards sustainable and climate-friendly diets.